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故宮英文導(dǎo)游詞范文第1篇

(in front of the meridian gate)

ladies and gentlemen:

i am pleased to serve as your guide today.

it is believed that the palace museum, or zi jin cheng (purple forbidden city), got its name from astronomy folklore, the ancient astronomers divided the constellations into groups and centered them around the ziwei yuan(north star). the constellation containing the north star was called the constellation of heavenly god and star itself was called the purple palace. because the emperor was supposedly the son of the heavenly gods, his central and dominant position would be further highlighted the use of the word purple in the name of his residence. in folklore, the term ”an eastern purple cloud is drifting” became a metaphor for auspicious events after a purple cloud was seen drifting eastward immediately before the arrival of an ancient philosopher, laozi, to the hanghu pass. here, purple is associated with auspicious developments. the word jin (forbidden) is self-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-limits to ordinary people.

the red and yellow used on the palace walls and roofs are also symbolic. red represents happiness, good fortune and wealth. yellow is the color of the earth on the loess plateau, the original home of the chinese people. yellow became an imperial color during the tang dynasty, when only members of the royal family were allowed to wear it and use it in their architecture.

manpower and materials throughout the country were used to build the forbidden city. a total of 230,000 artisans and one million laborers were employed. marble was quarried from fangshan country mount pan in jixian county in hebei province. granite was quarried in quyang county in hebei province. paving blocks were fired in kilns in suzhou in southern china. bricks and scarlet pigmentation used on the palatial walls came from linqing in shandong province .timber was cut ,processed and hauled from the northwestern and southern regions.

故宮英文導(dǎo)游詞范文第2篇

一、景區(qū)公示語(yǔ)英譯常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤分析

1、譯文不一致、不規(guī)范。

旅游景區(qū)公示語(yǔ)的作用主要是給游客指示道路、方向和處所,一個(gè)景區(qū)、景點(diǎn)或景區(qū)設(shè)施本應(yīng)只有一個(gè)譯名,但在旅游景區(qū)譯文不一致、不規(guī)范的現(xiàn)象很常見(jiàn)。同一個(gè)場(chǎng)所在不同地方出現(xiàn)不同的英譯名,這樣容易引起誤解,給游客帶來(lái)困擾。比如:景區(qū)常常會(huì)見(jiàn)到各種不同的“須知”,如:游覽須知、乘船須知、參觀須知等,這些“須知”主要是向游客傳遞指示、提示、限制、強(qiáng)制等信息,希望游客能自覺(jué)遵守。然而,譯員對(duì)“須知”的翻譯是五花八門,極不規(guī)范,如:Attention, Notice to Tourists, Notice of Purchasing the ticket, Guest Information ,等等。

2、混淆了“功能對(duì)等”和“忠實(shí)”原則。

一些人認(rèn)為同一塊標(biāo)牌上公示語(yǔ)的漢語(yǔ)和英語(yǔ)應(yīng)該是一一對(duì)應(yīng)的,否則就是不忠實(shí)于原文,因此旅游景區(qū)出現(xiàn)了很多機(jī)械的字對(duì)字的死譯,讓外國(guó)游客感到費(fèi)解。比如:“小心地滑”被翻譯成Slip carefully,這條公示語(yǔ)本來(lái)是想提醒游客小心地面濕滑,注意腳下,結(jié)果意思卻變成“小心地滑倒”,可以改為Caution:slippery road/ wet road。再如:“請(qǐng)勿往山下扔垃圾”,其實(shí)把它翻譯成No Littering就可以了。但如果將它字對(duì)字的死譯成 Don’t throw rubbish to the downhill,游客就可能會(huì)產(chǎn)生這樣的疑問(wèn):“難道山上就可以隨地丟垃圾嗎?”從上面的例子可以看出,譯者在翻譯公示語(yǔ)時(shí),不應(yīng)該只追求兩種公示語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言上的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系,更應(yīng)該關(guān)注功能上的對(duì)應(yīng)。

3、忽略了東西方文化差異。

近年來(lái),外國(guó)游客紛紛來(lái)華旅游參觀,在游覽的過(guò)程中感受中國(guó)獨(dú)特的文化氣息。因此,我們?cè)诜g導(dǎo)游詞、旅游指南、通知和景區(qū)公示語(yǔ)時(shí),要充分考慮東西方文化的差異。比如:“白象”是中國(guó)的知名品牌,而象在西方文化中是昂貴卻派不上用場(chǎng)的物品,是無(wú)用而累贅的負(fù)擔(dān)。因此,如果譯者無(wú)視東西方文化差異,把“白象”直接翻譯成英文White Elephant,那么效果可想而知。再如:“龍”是漢民族所敬奉的圖騰,是皇權(quán)的象征,皇帝又稱為真龍?zhí)熳?在古代皇家建筑和許多磚刻石刻中都能找到它的身影;西方的“龍”在《圣經(jīng)》里是“魔鬼”和“撒旦”,是邪惡和暴力的象征。因此,譯員在翻譯與“龍”相關(guān)的景點(diǎn)時(shí),一定要把它和人們美好的愿望聯(lián)系起來(lái),否則恐怕外國(guó)游客會(huì)不愿接近這個(gè)景點(diǎn)。

4、譯者態(tài)度不認(rèn)真。

景區(qū)公示語(yǔ)翻譯存在不少語(yǔ)言失誤,如:單詞拼寫錯(cuò)誤、大小寫錯(cuò)誤、標(biāo)點(diǎn)問(wèn)題、單復(fù)數(shù)錯(cuò)誤、用詞不當(dāng)、漏詞添詞,等等,很多錯(cuò)誤是譯者粗心所致,本來(lái)是完全可以避免的。例如:動(dòng)物園的熊山Bear Mountain被誤譯為Beer Mountain、海洋水族館Ocean Aquarium被誤譯為Ocean Aqurrium等。再如:某景區(qū)超市貨架上貼著“干貨Fuck Goods”、旅游辦公室掛著“對(duì)公業(yè)務(wù)To Male Service”等公示語(yǔ),這樣的譯文用詞不當(dāng)、大煞風(fēng)景,給中外游客留下了不好的印象。

二、 探討景區(qū)公示語(yǔ)英譯的方法

1、音譯法。

對(duì)于景區(qū)中的地名和人名可采用音譯法,如:桂林Guilin,九寨溝Jiuzhaigou,魯迅Lu Xun,岳飛Yue Fei,Mao Zedong等。還有一些反映中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化的詞,如:功夫kongfu,風(fēng)水fengshui,餃子jiaozi等也采用音譯法。

2、意譯法。

意譯法就是指從意義出發(fā),不拘泥于原句的句法結(jié)構(gòu)、用詞、修辭等手段,突出其內(nèi)在含義,便于游客理解記憶。例如:兵馬俑Terra Cotta Warriors and Horses,十三陵Ming Tombs,故宮the Imperial Palace,頤和園the Palace Museum,等等。

3、音譯和意譯結(jié)合。

中國(guó)自然景觀和人文景觀名稱的翻譯大多使用音譯和意譯相結(jié)合的方法,景點(diǎn)名稱如屬漢語(yǔ)“單名”,為了照顧音節(jié)和外國(guó)人的習(xí)慣讀法,最好把名字后面的“湖、山、園”等同時(shí)音譯出來(lái)[1]。如:太湖Taihu Lake,泰山Taishan Mountain等;如果景點(diǎn)名稱是“雙名”,則不必音譯通名。如:洞庭湖Dongting Lake,雁蕩山Y(jié)andang Moutain,少林寺Shaolin Temple等。

4、借譯法。

借譯法是指在翻譯時(shí)借典譯典,借英語(yǔ)國(guó)家的表達(dá)式和典故翻譯漢語(yǔ)中帶有特定文化的表達(dá)式和典故,以求等效。如:在介紹“梁山伯與祝英臺(tái)Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai”典故時(shí),可借用西方人熟悉的“羅密歐與朱麗葉Romeo and Juliet”來(lái)類比,有助于外國(guó)游客加深對(duì)中國(guó)典故的理解。類似,在旅游廣告中宣傳蘇州Suzhou及其發(fā)達(dá)的水上交通時(shí),可將它稱作東方的威尼斯Venice,游客一看就明白了。

5、套譯法。

套譯法指的是借用譯入語(yǔ)中某些固定結(jié)構(gòu)框架傳達(dá)原文的意思。 翻譯旅游公示語(yǔ)時(shí),可以套用現(xiàn)有的英語(yǔ)公示語(yǔ),既規(guī)范又省事。例如:英語(yǔ)中“禁止停車”是No Parking,“禁止亂扔垃圾”是No Littering,這些表達(dá)都是非常地道的英語(yǔ)。那么,我們翻譯“禁止拍照、禁止游泳、禁止攀爬”等公示語(yǔ)時(shí),就可以套用這種表達(dá),分別譯為No photographing,No Swimming,No Climbing

。 再如:“游客止步”是旅游景區(qū)里常見(jiàn)的一句提示語(yǔ),英語(yǔ)表達(dá)式Staff Only,那么譯員在翻譯“旅客止步、賓客止步、閑人免進(jìn)”等都可以套用這一表達(dá),而不是生硬地譯為Visitors Halt或Passengers No Entry。通過(guò)套用英語(yǔ)中現(xiàn)有的地道的表達(dá),可以使公示語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)意賅,同時(shí)使它的警示功能一目了然。 三、關(guān)于景區(qū)公示語(yǔ)英譯的幾點(diǎn)建議

1、采用國(guó)際通用表達(dá)方式。

目前景區(qū)公示語(yǔ)翻譯沒(méi)有統(tǒng)一的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),呈現(xiàn)百花齊放的狀態(tài),導(dǎo)致同一個(gè)公示語(yǔ)在不同景區(qū)或同一景區(qū)不同地方有不同的翻譯。為了提升景區(qū)形象、打造景區(qū)品牌,必須規(guī)范公示語(yǔ)的翻譯。解決這一問(wèn)題的最好辦法就是直接采用國(guó)際上通用的、約定俗成的表達(dá)方式,盡量避免杜撰,盡快與國(guó)際接軌。例如:熱烈歡迎...A warm welcome to...禁止吸煙/攀爬/……No Smoking/ Climbing/...小心臺(tái)階/撞頭/……Mind the step/ your head/…游客止步Staff Only、油漆未干Wet Paint,等等。

2、提高譯員素質(zhì)。

旅游景點(diǎn)的對(duì)外形象與譯員素質(zhì)關(guān)系密切,譯員若沒(méi)有扎實(shí)專業(yè)的翻譯知識(shí),翻譯出來(lái)的公示語(yǔ)、導(dǎo)游詞、旅游廣告、旅游指南、旅游日程、通知等質(zhì)量就看很難保證,所以一定要加強(qiáng)對(duì)翻譯人員的監(jiān)管。此外,譯員對(duì)譯文有著不可推卸的責(zé)任,應(yīng)該對(duì)自己高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)嚴(yán)要求,不斷提高業(yè)務(wù)水平和文化素質(zhì),確保譯文的質(zhì)量,避免亂譯、漏譯等問(wèn)題。

3、注意中英文化差異,優(yōu)先考慮讀者的文化。

東西方文化的差異和缺失往往也是翻譯的難點(diǎn),翻譯時(shí)要優(yōu)先考慮讀者的文化[2]。例如:頤和園Summer Palace, 望湖飯店lakeview hotel, 玉佛寺Jade Buddha Temple, 鐘樓Clock Tower, 碑林Stone Forest等,外國(guó)游客就很容易理解。再如:外國(guó)游客對(duì)中國(guó)的一些傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日或傳統(tǒng)文化不是太了解,清明節(jié)僅僅譯成Qing Ming Festival,可能他們就無(wú)法理解,如果適當(dāng)補(bǔ)充,增譯為“Qing Ming Festival, a time to remember the dead when people traditionally go to visit the tombs of the deceased. ”就更能被外國(guó)游客理解。