前言:想要寫出一篇令人眼前一亮的文章嗎?我們特意為您整理了5篇救地球范文,相信會(huì)為您的寫作帶來幫助,發(fā)現(xiàn)更多的寫作思路和靈感。
SEASCRAPER的誕生,得益于每年一度的eVolo全球摩天大樓設(shè)計(jì)大賽,2009年,加拿大卑斯省Zigloo工作室設(shè)計(jì)的“環(huán)流”(The Gyre)成為當(dāng)年的驚艷之作,這個(gè)直徑一公里、深入海面以下400米、能容納2000人居住的摩海大樓,有四個(gè)展開的手臂漂浮在海面,制造一個(gè)安全的港灣,中間是建筑主體,矛尖一般深入海底。
“環(huán)流”的中心主體最頂最寬闊層達(dá)三萬平方米,層層縮窄,最深處有600平方米。在露出海面的十字形手臂部分有風(fēng)力發(fā)電設(shè)備和太陽能板,同時(shí)有雨水收集設(shè)施。在中心主體內(nèi)有洋流發(fā)電裝置,完全達(dá)到零排放循環(huán)能源。它的設(shè)計(jì)初衷是提供一個(gè)更為貼近海洋的科研和旅游場所,里面有商店、餐館和花園——從高度上來看,這是一整座沒入海面的帝國大廈。
在“環(huán)流”之后,最為著名的“摩海大樓”仍然來自eVolo大賽,2010年馬來西亞設(shè)計(jì)師Sarly Adre bin Sarkum拿出了名為“ H2O+ scraper”的作品,相比“環(huán)流”的未來感,H2O +的靈感更多來自“漂浮島”,露出海面的圓形部分是一片森林,包圍著風(fēng)力和太陽能發(fā)電設(shè)備,熟悉東方的人想必看一眼便會(huì)脫口而出“天人合一”之類的詞兒。
它的名字并非簡單是“水”的化學(xué)式那么簡單,“O”表示零排放和零污染,而“+”表示它還能自己產(chǎn)出食物——它露出海面的森林能夠種植蔬菜并養(yǎng)殖禽畜,動(dòng)物的排泄還能轉(zhuǎn)換為沼氣。海面以下部分像一個(gè)巨大的章魚,有數(shù)十根仿生材質(zhì)構(gòu)造的觸手,觸手會(huì)發(fā)出生物光,吸引海洋生物定居,實(shí)現(xiàn)自給自足。這些觸手能通過浮動(dòng)來保持整體建筑的平衡,原理就跟廣州塔頂?shù)膬蓚€(gè)大鐵球一樣。同時(shí),隨潮汐擺動(dòng)產(chǎn)生的動(dòng)能也可以為內(nèi)部提供能源。
2011年,有設(shè)計(jì)師開始將目光投向了退役的海上鉆井平臺(tái),他們?cè)谄脚_(tái)上架起又尖又高的管道,與輸油管道連通,利用給魚缸換水的簡單虹吸原理,讓海水自己涌上來,這股動(dòng)能可以為整個(gè)平臺(tái)提供能源,然后被存儲(chǔ)起來凈化為淡水。巨大的勘探鉆頭被改裝成了深海實(shí)驗(yàn)室。這樣的設(shè)計(jì)并不能使其成為一個(gè)單獨(dú)的大廈或城市,但顯然是其他“摩海大樓”的必備配套品。
“29號(hào)”醫(yī)院的廣播響起這叫聲,這位老人拄著拐杖一搖一擺地走了進(jìn)去。那位醫(yī)生看了看那病人的牌子:29號(hào),地球。醫(yī)生不禁大吃一驚,說:“你不就是那美麗的藍(lán)色星球——地球嗎?”老人聽了醫(yī)生的疑問后,哭泣著跟醫(yī)生說:“我本是以藍(lán)色海洋、綠色森林和有著智慧的人類引以為榮的地球。”“那為什麼……”“但是我這樣丑陋無比的相貌竟是那些聰明的人類的杰作。”
那位病人的眼淚一滴一滴往下掉,接著述苦:“那些人類瘋狂地挖我獨(dú)有的資源,我的身體便遭殃了。他們排放出大量廢氣來破壞保護(hù)層——臭氧層,使太陽哥哥燒得我渾身是傷?,F(xiàn)在我的體面大部分都沙漠化了,我的身體堆成了許多二氧化碳,樹木被人類亂砍伐,海水變成奇丑無比,臭氣熏天。工廠里的煙管興奮地噴出黑煙,使我遍體鱗傷?!?/p>
醫(yī)生聽后,對(duì)他說:“你的病是可以治好的,只要人類肯合作?!比缓髮?duì)癥下藥,在紙上寫上三句話:不能亂砍樹木,要植樹造林。要將垃圾扔到垃圾箱,不要把垃圾丟在湖或海。有計(jì)劃開采地球資源,不要浪費(fèi)。
聰明的人類,你能做到嗎?
Many people agree that chocolate is good for the soul, and researchers are finding that chocolate can be good for the body, too. But the environment? How could chocolate help with global climate change?
The answer is found in a little piece of 1)paradise, a patch of rainforest in eastern Brazil. Everywhere you look, something is growing. 2)Orchids 3)nestle in the 4)crooks of trees. There are hundreds of shades of green, and the forest is loud with birds and insects.
Some areas have been thinned-out and planted with 5)cacao trees the source of chocolate. The 6)pods
contain the magical beans that 7)Aztecs counted like gold. The 8)cultivated cacao trees grow just a bit higher than a man can reach, and rainforest trees tower over them like something out of Dr. Seuss注1 some round like
9)lollipops, some flat like a plate.
And here’s the climate connection. Rainforest trees and plants store massive amounts of carbon keeping it from getting into the air as 10)carbon dioxide.
Can Chocolate Help Save the Rainforest?
There’s a lot less rainforest than there once was. There used to be 330 million acres of rainforest in eastern Brazil, called the Mata Atlantica注2. Settlers arrived hundreds of years ago and began destroying the forest for the wood, and to create fields for 11)pasture and crops. Only 7% of the Mata Atlantica remains, and destruction is still going on. Every time a tree is burned, its stored carbon is released. As more carbon is released into the air, the planet gets warmer.
That worries Dario Ahnert, a plant expert at the State University of Santa Cruz in Eastern Brazil. He says farmers need an 12)incentive to save the remaining forest, and he hopes chocolate will be that incentive.
Chocolate used to be a huge industry here, but in the past two decades, plant disease and low prices in the world market for cocoa beans 13)devastated the industry. Farmers turned to other ways of making a living, including
14)logging trees or burning the forest for farmland or pasture. When the nutrients in the soil were used up, the land was 15)abandoned.
Ahnert wants to persuade farmers to return to chocolate farming and preserve the forest. His friend, Joao Tavares, shows it can be done.
Cabruca Farming
Joao Tavares is a fourth-generation cocoa producer. Tavares, along with his brother and father, has 2,200 acres of rainforest planted with cacao trees. They grow cocoa using a method called cabruca cutting down just a few of the tall rainforest trees, and planting the
mid-height cacao trees 16)underneath.
Inside Tavares’ cabruca forest, the ground is covered in a thick layer of 17)composting leaves. It’s 18)moist, shady and cool here in the cabruca. Football-shaped pods 19)striped in yellow and green and orange and brown 20)jut out from the trunks and branches of the cacao trees.
Tavares has worked hard to maintain, and also to restore, his little piece of the rainforest. He says that in the past 10 years, he has planted many wild trees.
“We understand that we have to preserve the cabruca,” Tavares says, “even if you have less production.”
He gets fewer cacao trees to the acre by planting inside the forest. But he avoids the 21)drawbacks other farmers struggle with when they grow cacao trees on more open land.
“You have more production, but you have lots of problems,” Tavares explains. “You have more disease, more insects, so we decide to preserve.”
There’s also an expanding market for environ-
mentally friendly chocolate. Tavares has been able to get a 22)premium for some of his crop.
Carbon Credits for Farmers?
Still, his friend, professor Ahnert,
admits that cabruca is a tough sell:
Farmers want more so-called modern
approaches and quicker money. That’s
why Ahnert hopes that cabruca can
become part of the carbon credit注3 market. Farmers would then get money for preserving forest trees, as well as for their chocolate.
“You could increase the income, so I hope some day people that maintain this area are able to get carbon credits,” Ahnert says.
The World Agroforestry Center注4 and the
chocolate manufacturer Mars Inc. 注5 are currently
studying how carbon storage can be measured on
cabruca-like farms, and whether a carbon credit system would help farmers and the environment.
Reviving the Land Through Chocolate
And there’s an even more 23)ambitious idea out there. Howard Shapiro, chief 24)agronomist at Mars, hopes that chocolate could even bring back a little of the forest paradise that’s been lost, and he’s doing tests with local scientists at Brazil’s national chocolate research institute.
After the forest disappeared, the soil became hard and 25)compact, like yellow 26)cement. Only weeds grew in it. Shapiro and his colleagues asked local
farmers what sort of plants they would like, both 27)in the long run and while they wait for the soil to become rich enough to support cacao trees.
“What we decided to do was, we would begin with annual crops,” Shapiro explains. “Corn, beans things that have a cash crop value 28)melons, 29)squashes, and begin to establish bananas for shade, then start to plant cacao.”
They also planted rubber trees, and heliconium flowers. The first plants went in seven years ago. Now it’s easy to grab a handful of soil. It’s dark brown, moist and 30)crumbly, like devil’s food cake注6 with worms. But the worms are good for the soil.
“See all the little flowers on this tree?” Shapiro asks, pointing to a cacao tree. “All those little pink buds. … It’s healthy. These trees are healthy.”
Shapiro wants to work out the details, but he’s ready to say the project is a success. “We learned that you could take totally abandoned land, and you could restore it to 31)profitability after about three years,” he says.
So, will preserving, and even replanting, some of this forest in eastern Brazil fix the Earth’s climate problem? No. But in this little corner of the world, it may help. And at least we’ll have more chocolate.
很多人都贊成巧克力是裨益心靈的佳品。研究人員也發(fā)現(xiàn),巧克力對(duì)身體好處多多??墒菍?duì)環(huán)境呢?巧克力如何改善全球氣候變化呢?
我們?cè)谝环叫⌒〉娜碎g天堂――巴西東部的一片熱帶雨林里找到了答案。在這里,你目光所及之處皆有生物生長。蘭花嬌弱地依偎在彎曲的樹木枝干上。這里有成百上千片綠蔭,雨林里鳥鳴蟲叫,充滿了生命的喧鬧聲。
一些地方的雨林已漸稀疏,種上了可可樹――巧克力的原料。莢果中含有被阿茲特克人視為“黃金”的神奇可可豆。這里種植的可可樹只比成人可以觸及之處稍高。而雨林樹木高聳入天,使之相形見絀。就像蘇伊斯博士書中的情景――有的圓似棒棒糖,有的平似
大盤子。
這就顯現(xiàn)出熱帶雨林和氣候的聯(lián)系。熱帶雨林的樹木和植物存儲(chǔ)了大量的碳元素,可以阻止它們散逸到大氣里變成二氧化碳。
巧克力有助拯救熱帶雨林?
現(xiàn)存的熱帶雨林比過去要少得多。過去,巴西東部的熱帶雨林面積曾達(dá)三億三千萬英畝,被稱為(巴西)大西洋沿海森林區(qū)。幾百年前,定居者到來,開始破壞雨林。他們砍伐樹木,開辟田地用于放牧和種植莊稼。此區(qū)只有7%的熱帶雨林存活下來,而破壞仍在繼續(xù)。每當(dāng)樹木被焚毀,它所儲(chǔ)存的碳元素就會(huì)被釋放出來。越多的碳元素被釋放到大氣中,地球的溫室效應(yīng)越趨惡化。
這一現(xiàn)象引起了巴西東部圣克魯斯州立大學(xué)的植物專家達(dá)里奧?阿奈特的擔(dān)憂。他說農(nóng)民需要一種激勵(lì)機(jī)制,以鼓勵(lì)他們拯救僅存的雨林。他希望巧克力可以成為這種激勵(lì)因素。
這里曾經(jīng)有過龐大的巧克力產(chǎn)業(yè),然而,在過去的二十年里,植物病害和世界市場上可可豆的低廉價(jià)格摧毀了這個(gè)產(chǎn)業(yè)。農(nóng)民們轉(zhuǎn)而尋求其它謀生手段,包括伐木或焚燒雨林用作農(nóng)田放牧等。當(dāng)一塊土地里的營養(yǎng)被(莊稼)吸收殆盡,它就會(huì)被棄之不用。
阿奈特希望說服農(nóng)民們回歸巧克力種植業(yè),以保護(hù)熱帶雨林。通過其朋友裘奧?塔瓦熱斯的驗(yàn)證,這種策略是切實(shí)可行的。
Cabruca式種植
裘奧?塔瓦熱斯家祖?zhèn)魉拇紡氖驴煽煞N植業(yè)。塔瓦熱斯連同其父兄一共擁有2200英畝種有可可樹的熱帶雨林。他們使用一種叫做cabruca的方法種可可,即只砍掉幾棵高大的熱帶雨林樹木,在它們的樹冠下種植中等高度的可可樹。
在塔瓦熱斯的cabruca式雨林里,土地上覆蓋著厚厚一層堆積肥料的落葉。cabruca環(huán)境潮濕蔭蔽,涼爽怡人。足球形狀的豆莢――夾雜著黃、綠、橙和棕色的條紋――從可可樹的樹干和枝條上垂下來。
塔瓦熱斯為保有和恢復(fù)他那一小塊熱帶雨林而努力工作。在過去十年里,他種下了很多野生樹木。
“我們意識(shí)到我們必須保持這種cabruca式種植,”塔瓦熱斯說?!凹词惯@種方法會(huì)讓我的產(chǎn)量相對(duì)少些。”
由于可可樹種在雨林里,土地上種植樹木數(shù)量少了。但他避開了其他農(nóng)民在更開闊的土地上種可可樹會(huì)面臨的弊端。
“你確實(shí)可以得到更大產(chǎn)量,但這也會(huì)帶來很多問題。”塔瓦熱斯解釋道?!澳菢拥姆N植會(huì)帶來更多蟲害,所以我們還是決定保護(hù)這些土地?!?/p>
環(huán)保型巧克力的市場也在不斷擴(kuò)大。因此,塔瓦熱斯的部分可可豆可以賣出高額
溢價(jià)。
給農(nóng)民碳信用獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)?
不過,他的朋友阿奈特教授承認(rèn),農(nóng)民對(duì)用cabruca法種植可可的想法不大買賬:農(nóng)民們想用更多所謂的現(xiàn)代化耕種方法,用更快的速度獲得金錢。這就是為什么阿奈特希望cabruca式種植能夠成為碳信用額度市場的一部分――農(nóng)民通過巧克力賺錢的同時(shí),也可以通過保護(hù)雨林獲得金錢回報(bào)。
“你可以(通過保護(hù)雨林)增加收入,所以我希望有朝一日,保護(hù)這片地區(qū)的人們可以得到一些碳信用額度(從而增加收入),”阿奈特說。
世界農(nóng)林學(xué)中心和巧克力制造商瑪氏有限公司正在研究如何在cabruca型農(nóng)場測量碳儲(chǔ)存水平,碳信用系統(tǒng)是否可以幫助農(nóng)民增加收入,以及這是否也有助于保護(hù)環(huán)境。
巧克力救土地
不僅如此,人們還有更遠(yuǎn)大的目標(biāo)?,斒瞎镜氖紫r(nóng)藝師霍華德?沙皮羅希望巧克力甚至可以挽救一小部分已經(jīng)失去的雨林天堂――他正和巴西當(dāng)?shù)氐膰仪煽肆ρ芯克目茖W(xué)家們進(jìn)行研究測試。
在雨林消失以后,土壤變得堅(jiān)硬致密,就像黃水泥一樣,只有雜草能在上面生長。沙皮羅和他的同事向當(dāng)?shù)剞r(nóng)民打聽,從長遠(yuǎn)上看他們喜歡種什么作物,以及在等待土壤變肥沃直至支持可可樹生長的期間,喜歡種什么植物。
“我們決定先種那些一年一熟的作物。”沙皮羅解釋說?!稗r(nóng)作物、豆類等具有經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值的植物,還有甜瓜、南瓜等,我們開始種香蕉樹來遮蔭,然后著手種植可可樹?!?/p>
他們還種了橡膠樹和heliconium花。第一批植物是七年前種上去的。現(xiàn)在,你很容易就可以抓起一捧土壤。土壤色澤暗褐,濕潤疏松,就像惡魔蛋糕――上面還有一些蟲子。不過,這些蟲子對(duì)于土壤很有好處。
“看到這棵樹上的小花嗎?”沙皮羅指著一棵可可樹問,“所有小小的粉色花蕾……它很健康。這些樹都很健康?!?/p>
在大家的悉心照料下,茵茵恢復(fù)得很快,她努力學(xué)習(xí),使自己變得更強(qiáng)大.萱萱也認(rèn)真練功,達(dá)到了前無古人后無來者的級(jí)別.于是,她們倆帶上晶晶和靈靈,前往世界各地,降妖除魔,修身養(yǎng)心.當(dāng)然,現(xiàn)在幾乎沒有誰能敵得過她們了.所以,只要她們倆走過的地方,怪物就在此地消聲滅跡.不久,地面上的怪物就全部被打敗了.她們就地休息了幾天,又朝海洋進(jìn)軍.在一個(gè)風(fēng)和日麗的日子,她倆讓晶晶和靈靈留下看家,自己潛到海底去打怪物了.
海底世界可真美啊!五彩繽紛的珊瑚和海草,還有奇形怪狀的海洋生物,哪兒都顯露出勃勃生機(jī)和無窮的神秘.她們一邊游一邊觀賞美景.忽然,一道金色的光芒從她們眼前閃過.是海底龍珠!海底龍珠是海底至寶,,誰能得到它,所有的海怪都會(huì)聽命于她們倆,就是讓它們?nèi)w自殺,它們也會(huì)去做.萱萱和茵茵立即向龍珠游進(jìn).一不小心,茵茵的手指被尖利的珊瑚割破了,血,鮮紅鮮紅的血從傷口流出,在陽光的反射下,變成了綠色的液體.海怪對(duì)血可是最敏感的啊!果然,她們身旁很快就聚集了一大群海怪.她們用盡了畢生所學(xué),可還是未傷它們分毫.就在這危急關(guān)頭,萱萱大叫一聲.這時(shí)的她已經(jīng)忘記了應(yīng)該用什么魔法,這時(shí)的她已經(jīng)把所有魔法和為一體.“嘩”地一聲,海面上狂風(fēng)大作,所有海怪沖出水面,飛上云霄.萱萱和茵茵捧著海底水龍珠走了上來.她們盡管十分疲憊,但她們很高興.
很快,她們就集齊了金木水火土五大龍珠,殺死了所有怪物.
他漸漸地適應(yīng)了外星生命的語言。原來,剛才賽特對(duì)林發(fā)射的是一種記憶光線。里面濃縮了賽特的全版語言,只要通過途徑進(jìn)入了儲(chǔ)存體,不管是什么樣的載體,只要是能儲(chǔ)存語言的體系,就可以接受這種記憶光線。就是這種記憶光線,使得林瞬間掌握了熟練的賽特語言,并且流利地說了出來,很快,便和賽特人交流了起來。林發(fā)現(xiàn)他們并沒有惡意,但是還是抱有警戒心,只不過很快便是放松了下來,因?yàn)橘愄匕l(fā)現(xiàn),人類的科技遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不及它們。光是這種最低級(jí)的記憶光線都發(fā)明不出來的科技水平,能高到哪里去呢?
“你好,我們是來自太陽星系的地球。由于地球發(fā)生了世界末日性的災(zāi)難,導(dǎo)致了全人類只能乘坐這艘‘明日’號(hào)逃離。卻不想被一種神秘的物質(zhì)形成的黑洞吸了進(jìn)去,等到醒來時(shí)就發(fā)現(xiàn)來到了這里。奇怪的是,全飛船就我一個(gè)人醒了過來,而不是全人類都醒?!绷终f著一口連自己也不認(rèn)識(shí)的語言,只是把自己內(nèi)心想的說出來,就成了賽特語言了,就在剛才記憶光線進(jìn)入林的大腦時(shí),就已經(jīng)篡改了神經(jīng)發(fā)言系統(tǒng),使得林既可以聽懂賽特人的語言,同時(shí)自己又可以說一口流利的賽特語。
對(duì)方,那巨大的控制體屏幕上顯現(xiàn)出驚奇的表情,林發(fā)現(xiàn)自己竟然能夠看懂它們的表情了?!八鼈冋娴氖菑暮诙粗衼淼模『臀覀兊淖嫦纫粯?!”其中一個(gè)賽特人說道。口氣有些激動(dòng)。“恩,問題是就你一個(gè)人醒了過來,其它人都沒有醒,是么?”為首的賽特人說道?!笆堑模浆F(xiàn)在我也搞不清楚為什么就我一個(gè)醒了過來?!?/p>
經(jīng)過一番交涉。賽特人陷入了沉思之中。隨機(jī),為首的人吩咐旁邊的人說:“把隨船帶來的賽特歷史集拿來?!薄笆?!0005!”“0005”是賽特人獨(dú)有的代號(hào)。如果是個(gè)位數(shù)的話,代表著這個(gè)人擁有著統(tǒng)領(lǐng)級(jí)的身份。而十位數(shù)象征著長官級(jí),百位數(shù)象征著士兵,而千位數(shù),也就是最后一位,象征著平民。這里的“0005”就是賽特上兩大工會(huì)的其中一個(gè)工會(huì)的首領(lǐng)之一,它們的工會(huì)名字叫做“太新工會(huì)?!?/p>