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[Abstract]Thetranslationoffilmtitleshasbecomeapopularphraseinmodernlife.Asisknowntoall,howtotranslatethefilmtitleshasbecomeacontroversialtopicinthefieldoftranslationforalongtime.ThetranslationofwesternfilmtitlesisquitedifferentfromthetranslationofChinesefilmtitles.Intheprocessofthetranslation,sometimesfilmstitleswillhavedifferenttranslationsowingtothedifferenttranslators.Becauseeveryonehashisownidea,experienceandknowledge.Filmsareaveryimportantpartofculturalinterchanges.Therefore,thecultureofthecountriesisbecomingamajorcontenttopresentinthefilms.Thispaperpointsouttheimportanceofthetranslationoffilmtitlesandcallsonthetranslatorstopaymoreattentiontoit.Theart,commercialandsocialfeaturecharacterizethefilmtitles.Translationisn’taprocesstochangeonelanguagetotheother.Foreignaudiencesaremoreoftenthannottocomprehendtheoriginalfilmtitles.TheChineseaudienceswouldn’tarousesympathywhentheyseetheoriginalfilmtitles.Theauthoranalyzesthatpeopleshouldn’tholdone-sideviewthattheliteraltranslationisgoodorthefreetranslationisgood.Theliteraltranslationandfreetranslationoughttosupplementandcomplementeachother.Thesetwomethodsmustcombineanduseadjustingorders,addingorreducingsomewordsoftheoriginalfilmtitlestogetthebestresultsofthetranslationoffilmtitles.

[KeyWords]filmtitles;literaltranslation;freetranslation;culture

【摘要】當(dāng)今社會(huì)，“電影片名的翻譯”已經(jīng)成為一個(gè)流行的詞語(yǔ)，眾所周知，如何譯好電影片名已成為翻譯界很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間內(nèi)熱烈討論的話題；西片的片名不同于中國(guó)電影片名，在翻譯的過(guò)程中，由于譯者的想法、經(jīng)驗(yàn)和知識(shí)不同，翻譯也會(huì)有所不同。電影是文化交流非常重要的部分，所以，各國(guó)的文化成為電影中所要表達(dá)的內(nèi)容。本文指出了電影片名翻譯的重要性，并號(hào)召譯者對(duì)其重視，其中藝術(shù)、商業(yè)、社會(huì)特征描繪了電影片名，那就是翻譯不只是一種語(yǔ)言向另一種語(yǔ)言轉(zhuǎn)換的過(guò)程；西方觀眾能一目了然的片名，中國(guó)人卻不這么認(rèn)為。作者分析了直譯和意譯的不同，這主要是由于文化的不同，最后得出結(jié)論：不能片面地說(shuō)直譯好還是意譯好，這兩者是相輔相承的，作者提議兩者之間應(yīng)結(jié)合起來(lái)，具體問(wèn)題具體分析，在電影片名翻譯的問(wèn)題上應(yīng)用改變?cè)~序、增詞或減詞的方法來(lái)翻譯片名以求得這兩種翻譯方法之間的平衡。

【關(guān)鍵詞】電影片名；直譯；意譯；文化

1.Introduction

Agoodfilmneedsawonderfultitle,whichisknownbythepeopleinthestreet.Everytimetheyhearaboutafilm,theyalwaysgettoknowitstitlefirst.Andtheydecidewhetherornottoseeit.Thepleasureofwatchingafilmcomesasmuchfromitscontentasfromitstitle.Thetranslationsofthefilmtitlesrequireusingafewwordstoexpressthetopicofthefilmsandatthesametime,peopleshouldn’tforgetitafterseeingit.[1]

ThetranslationofwesternfilmtitlesisquitedifferentfromthatChinesefilmtitles.Theformeronestaketherealityimportantwhilethelatteronesconsiderthemoodisgreat.Thesedifferentviewsalsomirrorthetranslationoffilmtitlesandleadtothedifferentunderstandingofthetranslationoffilmtitles.(ThisalsocanbeseenfromthedifferenttranslationsonMainlandChina,HongkongandTaiwan.)Simplyout,theyoperateindifferentsocio-culturalcontexts.Allofthesearecompoundedinthetranslationoffilmtitles.

Thispapergivesatranslationnormandawaytotranslatingfromthefeaturesandtheapproachesofthetranslationoffilmtitles.Andthispapergivesabriefintroductiontothefeaturesofthetranslationoffilmtitles.Peoplecanseesomethingofthetranslationoffilmtitlesfromthesefeatures.Latertheapproachesofthetranslationoffilmtitlesaremainlyobservedbycomparingtheliteraltranslationandthefreetranslation.Theauthormakesaconclusionthatkeepingabalancebetweenliteraltranslationandfreetranslationisbetter,duetotheculturaldifferencesofthewestandtheeast.Asuccessfultranslationoffilmtitleisconcentratedontheacceptantrole:audiences.AndtheresponseoftheforeignaudiencesandtheChineseaudienceswouldbecoherentwhentheyacceptthetranslationoffilmtitles.Thisisthehighstandardofthetranslationoffilmtitles.Hence,keepingtheequivalenceofthelanguage,thecultureandthestyleisusefultotheaudiences’understandingoftheoriginalfilmtitles.Thisequivalencedemandsustoobservemorecloselytothefeaturesofthefilmtitles.

Theauthoranalyzesthatpeopleshouldn’tholdonlyone-sideviewthattheliteraltranslationisgoodorthefreetranslationisgood.Theliteraltranslationandfreetranslationoughttosupplementandcomplementeachother.Thesetwomethodsmustcombineanduseadjustingtheorders,addingorreducingsomewordsoftheoriginalfilmtitlestogetthebestresultsofthetranslationoffilmtitles.

2.Featuresoffilmtitles

Everythingintheworldhasitsownfeatures,sodothefilmtitles.Theycan’texistwithouttheirownfeatures.Tomakethetitlesmoreimpressive,peopleusemanyrhetoricdevicesareusedinthetranslationofthefilmtitles,suchassimile,metaphor,oxymoronandthelike.Thefeaturesofthetranslationoffilmtitleswillbeexpoundedfromtheart,economicandsocialperspectiveasfollows.

2.1Artfeature

Filmisalivingartandassuchittendstorespondpromptlytothedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,whichdifferentiatesitfromtheotherformsofartthatcanbewrittenorpaintedonthepaper.Asthetranslationoffilmtitlesistherightkeytokeeptheaudiences’attention,manyfactorsarecontainedtoreachthisaim.Oneofthemistheartfeature.Forexample,theChineseversionofthefilmtitle“TheAccused”is“暴劫梨花”,whichconsistsoftwoparts:暴劫and梨花.Here,暴劫roughlymeansravagedordevastatedwhile梨花,whichliterallymeans‘pearflowers’,isoftenusedtomeanafragilewoman.TherecommonChineseexpression‘梨花帶雨’(awomanintears)iscondensedfromBaiJuyi’s(白居易):梨花一枝春帶雨.

2.2Economicfeature

Thereisnowonderthatthefilminvestorstryanywaystoattractpeople’seyes.Thetranslationsoffilmtitlesareoftenputontheleadingplacesofthebillstoattractpeople’seyes.Howtooccupythefilmmarket?Theyracktheirbrainstoseekthehighcompetitivenessofthefilmmarketfromscripting,filmingtoshowing.Andthetranslationsofthefilmtitlesareeventoaddanaptwordtoclinchthepoint.Thefilmindustryincludestheindustrialproduction,thecommercialsystemandtheculturaltransmission.[2]Therecomesforthagreatmanyfilmsonthemarket.

Justforthesakeofhighbenefitsfromtheirinvestment,theydidn’tcaremuchaboutthetranslationofthefilmtitles,whichledthemfarfromtheoriginalfilmtitles.Besides,formajorityoftheaudiences,thoseimpropertranslationsarebeyondtheirunderstandings.Eventhenationalconditionshavebeentakenintoconsideration,itisnecessarytofindajunctionofthemarketandart.However,theimportanceistofindanamingthatisclosetotheoriginaltitleandeligibletothestyleofthefilm.Meanwhile,theresponseofthemarketshouldnotbeneglected.Buttheydothetranslatingworkonlytopursuetheadvertisingbenefit.Andinthefieldofwesternfilmindustry,peoplebenefitfromtheboundlesschancetogetmoremoneyfromthisproductivebusinessinspiteofthese.Someexampleswilltellushowthiseconomicfeaturesofthefilmtitlesact.

(1)ItHappensOneNight一夜風(fēng)流

(2)SisterAct修女也瘋狂

(3)Leon,theProfessional這個(gè)殺手不太冷

Alltheseexamplesshowusthedemandsthedevelopmentofmassmarketsoffilmindustry.

2.3Socialfeature

Foreignaudiencesaremoreoftenthannottocomprehendtheoriginalfilmtitles.Oncetheyaretranslatedusingfreetranslation,itwouldbehardfortheChineseaudiencestounderstandthequitecontentofthefilms.Asthepracticetestified,aringingtranslatedfilmtitlesarethepurposeofevokingtheaudiences’curiosity.Forexample,Thewords“黑幫”in“SharkTales”(《鯊魚(yú)黑幫》)givesusaroomtoassociate.Arethere“黑幫”intheworldofsharks?Somepeoplewhohaveneverseenthetranslatedonewillnaturallytranslateitinto“鯊魚(yú)的故事”.Youwouldn’texpectitssuccessofsuchaplainfilm.Ifso,itisreallyadocumentary.

Besides,filmsprovideaforuminwhichcertainpressingsocialproblems.Itisawayfortheaudiencestodealimaginativelywiththeproblemstoconsiderpossiblecauses,toimaginepossibleconsequences,andtohypothesizepossiblesolutions.Here“SharkTales”isanexampletoshowthesocialproblem.“Shark”symbolizesthebullyinthesociety.Amongthesesharks,thereisonewhoisthesonoftheleader.Whenhedies,theseacreatureishappywiththisandpraisestheuntruehero.Italsoconveyspeople’swishestowipeoutthebadeggs.

Sothebadtranslationisunacceptable.ItisatitlejustliketheTVprogram—“Theworldoftheanimals”.Quiteoften,thetitleofafilmisusedtoinformwould-beaudiences.[3]Nevertheless,theseaudienceschoosetogointothecinemasunconsciouslytoadmirethecontentunderthedriveof“黑幫”.Thatisthecontributionofthevividfilmtitles.

Thedifferentfeaturesthemselvescharacterizethefilmtitles.Theyaresimpleandcoherentwithsporadiclengthytitlesinview.Theexamples,whichwerementionedabove,arejustlikeadropintheoceanofthetranslationoffilmtitles.Let’sgofurtherintotheprincipalpointsofthetranslationoffilmtitles.Andthechiefamongtheapproachesofthetranslationoffilmtitlesistheliteraltranslationandthefreetranslation.

3.Approachesofthetranslationoffilmtitles

Thefilmsareproducedbymenorwomenfromcertainareasforconsumptionbytargetaudienceswhoalsobelongtocertaingroups.Therefore,thecultureofthecountriesisbecomingamajorcontenttopresentinthefilms.Consequently,filmsbecomeamajorchanneltospreadculture.Itsinfluenceissolargethatotherartsareunabletokeeppacewithit.Ourcountryisinaneasysocialenvironmentandinamoodofculturalcommunicationsoftwosides.[4]Inotherwords,translationsareproductsofthetimes.Toattainthebesteffectoftranslationofthefilmtitlesaccordingtotheoriginallanguageandthetargetlanguage,thetranslatorsofthefilmtitlesneedspecialtraining.[5]Becausethepurposesofthetranslatorsarenotonlymediatoshowthemeaningofthefilmtitles,butalsotogivekeenenjoyment,thecreativenessofthetranslatorsisimportant.Thatdemandstranslator’sendeavortocombinetheoriginaltitleswiththetranslatedoneswell.Translationiscloselyboundupwiththesocio-culturalmatrixinwhichthetranslationactisconducted.Atpresent,thedubbedfilmsareseenbymoreaudiencesthanthereadersoftheliteraryworks.[6]Theforeignculturalinformationisalsotobereflectedintheirfilms.Sotranslationisneveracompletelyindependent,autonomousactivity.

3.1LiteralTranslation

Somefilmtitlesneednotbeconsideredanddesignedagainbythetranslators,justuseliteraltranslationthatcangetthemaximumeffect―transmittingtheoriginalmeaningandkeepingtheunityoftheoriginalnamingandcontentofthefilmtitles.[7]Sometimes,theordersofthetranslatedfilmtitlesarethesameastheoriginalones,whichareseenclearlytotheaudiences.Literaltranslationcankeeptheform,meaningandinformationofthefilmtitlestobecloselytotheoriginalfilmtitles.[8]

Forexamples,thetranslationofthewesternfilmtitles“BeautyandBeast”(《美女與野獸》),“TheLordoftheRings:TheReturnoftheKing”(《指環(huán)王3：王者歸來(lái)》),“SnowWhite”(《白雪公主》),“SleepingBeauty”(《睡美人》),“MarchofthePenguins”(《帝企鵝日記》),“CrocodileDundee”(《鱷魚(yú)鄧迪》),“BenHur”(《賓虛》),“MadamCurrie”(《居里夫人》),“Stigmata”(《圣痕》),“ThePassionoftheChrist”(《耶穌受難記》),“TheLastTemptationofChrist”(《基督最后的誘惑》)andsoforth,peoplecanseefromtheexamplesabovethatitmustuseliteraltranslationespeciallywithregardtothehistoricalfiguresandeventsorreligiousandethicalconcernswhichtheyarefamiliarwith.Peopleshouldnoticethatotherfilmtitles,whichareadaptedfromfamousbooks,alsoemploytheliteraltranslation.Forexample,“TheOldManandtheSea”(《老人與?！?,“TheGodfather”(《教父》),“AnnaKarenina”(《安娜·卡列尼娜》).Onereasonistoavoidthemisunderstandingoftheaudienceswhomaybestrangetothem,andtheotherreasonisthattheeffectoffamousbooks’titlescanattracttheeyesoftheaudiences.

AndthetranslationofChinesefilmtitleslike(《斷背山》),(《向左走，向右走》),(《新警察故事》),(《金剛》),(《成吉思汗》),(《可可西里》),(《如果·愛(ài)》),(《暖》),(《手機(jī)》),(《陽(yáng)光燦爛的日子》)are“BrokebackMountain”,“Turnleft,Turnright”,“NewPoliceStory”,“KingKong”,“GenghisKhan”,“kekexili”,“If·Love”,“Nuan”,“CellPhone”,“TheDaysUndertheBrightSunshine”tobethesuccessfulliteraltranslationoffilmtitles.Andtheliteraltranslationsoffilmtitleslistedabovearemoreclosetotheoriginaltitlesintheforms,meaning,informationandsoon.Take“如果·愛(ài)”asanexample,itsliteraltranslationis“If·Love”.Thisoriginalfilmtitlewhichuseliteraltranslationitselfexpressthemostbeautifulmoodofthefilmtheme.Itindeedneednotbeconsideredanddesignedagainbythetranslators.‘If’,thisliteralmeaningofthisfilmtitlecangetthemaximumeffecttogivehypothesisandatthesametimes,itarousespeople’simagination.Theliteraltranslationofthisfilmtitlejustreachesthebestresultoftranslation.AnotherexampleoftheseChinesefilmtitlesis(《成吉思汗》)“GenghisKhan”.TheforeignpeoplearegettingtoknowmoreandmoreaboutChinesecultureandhistorywiththecommunicationoftwocountries.Andtheyhaveplentifulknowledgetounderstandtheliteralmeaningofthisfilmtitle.Itisnoneedtomakeanotetoexplainit.

Asisknowntoall,howtotranslatethefilmtitleswellhasbecomeacontroversialtopicinthefieldoftranslationforalongtime.IntranslatingaforeignlanguageintoChinese,theMainlandChina.TaiwanandHongkongalwayskeeptheirownstylesoftranslation.TheunboundedliteralapproachisadoptedbytranslatorsinHongkongandTaiwan,particularlythoseinHongkong.ThetranslatorsinHongkongaredeeplyinfluencedbythecommercialentertainmentculture.Butthetranslatorsonthemainlandshowmorerespectfortheirprofessionanddisplaylessflippancy,andthisisalsoreflectedinthetranslation.Peoplecanseetheadvantagesoftheliteraltranslationbycomparingthedifferencesintranslationamongthreedistricts.

Therearesomeexampleslinedbelowtoshowthedifferencesofthe3places:TheevidenceisthatthetranslatorsinHongkongandTaiwanfavorthevulgarandbombasticlanguage.Theytranslatetheminaflexibleway,mainlysacrificingtheformtoachievethemeaning.Thetranslationof"AFishcalledWanda”into“倩女大賊神仙魚(yú)”revealsthecustomsofthedailylanguageofHongkong.Thefilm“PrimaryColor”aretranslatedinto“這個(gè)總統(tǒng)真太濫”,whichisalsoadoptedthisway.Theseprobablydonotmakeanysensetotheaudiencesinmainland.HereMainlandChinausetheliteraltranslation“一條名叫旺達(dá)的魚(yú)”,directlyandclearly.Itisbetterthatthe3placesshouldworktogethertostandardizethetranslationoffilmtitlesbecausedifferenttranslationswillconfusethecinemagoers.Onthebasisofthecomparison,Hongkongtranslatorstempttomakemorefuntoattractpeople.

Asacoinhastwosides,italsohassomeadvisableplacesofthetranslationofHongkong.Theircreativitiesareundeniabletothepublic.Let’sseeanewAmericanhorrorfilmtobefirstshownonacityofMainlandChinarecently.Asaresult,thenewsaboutthisnewhorrorfilmisthattheticketofficeisnotasgoodasexpectation.Amajorinfluenceisthetranslationofthefilmtitle.Theliteraltranslationofthisfilmwouldbe(《當(dāng)樹(shù)枝折斷的時(shí)候》)“WhenBoughBreaks”.Theoriginaltranslation“第七只斷手”isconsideredbloody,butmanyaudiencestookthisnewfilmasascientificfilm.Theticketofficesarenaturallytobesufferedfromconsiderableinfluence.Thosewhowanttoseethisnewfilmfeelqueerifitisworthpayingmoneyforit.Whereas,othergroupswhoshownotinterestsinthefilmwillnoteventakeaglanceatit.Theoriginaltranslationofthisnewfilmgivespeopleahorrificfeeling.Andtheyalsogetageneralideaofthefilm.

Theexamplehereisreferredtothefreetranslation.Canpeoplejustuseliteraltranslationwhentranslatingthefilmtitlesinspiteofthecontentorothersaren’tcontainedintheliteralmeaningofthefilmtitles.

3.2FreeTranslation

Translationisn’taprocesstochangeonelanguagetotheother.Buttheoriginalfilmtitlesofwesterncountriesarealwaysconciseandimplied.Theseenhancethedifficultiesintranslation.Andpeoplewholikewesternfilmswon’tunderstandthemquicklywhentheyseethematthefirstsight.Yet,iftranslationisgoodenoughitcanhelpthemtomastertheessenceandimaginetheplotsofthefilm.Anditcanarousetheirdesiretoseethefilm.Whentranslatorssetabouttheirworks,theyarehesitanttotranslatecreatively.Theassumptionistoplaysafe,onewoulddowelltogivea‘faithful’rendering.Ifthereisnocreativenessintheadvertisements,theadvertisementsaredoomedtodie.Thatisalsosuitabletothetranslationoffilmtitles.Thepublicisbecomingserioustothequalitiesofthefilmswiththeimprovementofpeople’slife.Thefilmtitlesarespeciallytheheartoffilms.Therefore,thetranslationsoffilmtitlesneedthetranslatorstodotheirbestbecauseofthedifferentculturesofthedifferentcountries.

Manypeopleconsideredthatthetranslationsoffilmtitlesarecomplicated.Thereasonsarethattheoriginaltitlesofwesterncountriesarealwaysliterary.However,it’scursoryifwetranslatethemword-by-wordintoChinese.Let’stakesomefilmstitlesasexamples,like“Mr.Holland’sOpus”,“WalktheLine”,“LiloandStitch”,“TheIncredibles”,“ABug’sLife”,“ChickenRun”,“Garfield”,“Tarzan”,“TheWizardofOz”,“BestinShow”，aretranslatedinto(《春風(fēng)化雨》),(《一往無(wú)前》),(《星際寶貝》),(《超人特攻隊(duì)》),(《蟲(chóng)蟲(chóng)危機(jī)》),(《小雞快跑》),(《加菲貓》),(《人猿泰山》),(《綠野仙蹤》),(《寵物狗大賽》).TheChineseaudienceswouldn’thavethesamefeelingwiththeforeignaudienceswhentheyseetheseoriginalfilmtitles.Theykeepthisdoubtuntilthetranslationsofthefilmtitlesarediscovered.Itcomestherighttimethattheyunderstandthenamingsuddenly.Preconditionallthecontentandformofthefilms,it’sthekeypointtotranslateafilmtitle.Besides,thetranslatorhimselfmustpossessabundantculturalknowledgeandsteadylinguisticplane.[9]Sothetranslatorsoughttoelaborateaplantochangetheoriginaltitlesaccordingly.Like“Mr.Holland’sOpus”,anAmericanfilm,whichnarratesastoryaboutanordinalmusicalteacher:Mr.Holland.Mr.Hollandcontributed30years’lifetoteachhisstudents.Notformoneyandforfame.Allhisstudentsaredeeplyaffectedbyhim.Acorrectcomparisonisforhiminthefilm:theleaderofasymphonyorchestra.Andeverystudentisoneofhisnotes,hisopus.Ifweuseliteraltranslation,itmustbe(《賀蘭先生的作品》).Itlookssobadfortheawfultranslation.Butthetranslatorappliesallhiswittodeepenitsmeaningandtranslateitinto(《春風(fēng)化雨》).Thisisplentifultorevealusthedevotionofateacher.Because“春風(fēng)化雨”isusuallyaparabletothegoodeducation.Thussuccessfulexampleisn’tonlythis.FilmactedbyAmericanactorJim·Carreywhoisgoodatchanginghisfacialexpressionfreely—“TheMask”(《變相怪杰》).Everyoneguessthatthisborncomicactormighthaveacolorfulactinthisfilmaccordingtotheabsorbingfilmtitle.Buttheaudienceswouldn’tassociateitwiththehumorofJim·Carreyifthefilmtitleistranslatedinto“面具”.Thereisnodoubtthatthecommercialfactorplaysaveryimportantroleonthetranslationofthesefilmtitles.Butoncetheysuitthewholethemeofthefilms,noonewillaccusethem.AnotherCartoonfilm“ChickenRun”,whichwasknowntomanycartoonfilmgoers.Ifpeopletranslateitonlybytheliteralmeaning“小雞跑步”.Obviously,itwillbelessattractivethan“小雞快跑”.Thistranslationgivespeopleanervousandbusyatmosphere.Goodworkappealstoeveryone.Hence,therebeingasceneofpouringintothecinemasaren’toddtobystanders.Filmsaresometimesregardedasakindofliterarywork.Isn’titquiteright?Peoplewillreadthegoodworksagainandagain,andstilltreasurethem.Agoodfilmarousespeople’swilltoseethemagainandagain,too.Heresomeonemightbringforwardaquestionthatwhythesecartoonfilmsoriginallyaimedatcatchingchildren’seyesactuallyinclinedtocanvassmoregrown-ups.Afterall,thewords“cartoonfilms”areforchildrenfromtheliteralmeaning.Wealsoknowthatchildrenjustlikethecolorsandthefiguresofthecartoonfilms.Theydon’tcareaboutthetranslationofthefilmtitles.Sotherealpurposeofthetranslationistodrawthegrown-ups’attention.Wecansaythattheygocinemasorguidechildrentocinemas.

ThereareotherinstancesofChinesefilmtitles,whicharetranslatedverywell.The(《十面埋伏》)istranslatedinto“HouseofFlyingDaggers”,(《行運(yùn)超人》)into“MyLuckyStar”,(《霸王別姬》)into“FarewellmyConcubine”,(《日出前向青春告別》)into“ADayonthePlanet”,(《江湖》)into“Brother”,(《花樣年華》)into“IntheMoodforLove”,(《唐伯虎點(diǎn)秋香》)into“Flirtingscholar”,(《海上花》)into“FlowersofShanghai”,(《無(wú)間道》)“InfernalAffairs”.Wecanseethatfreetranslationofthesefilmtitlestobeencouraged.

Youwouldn’thopetoseeafilmwhichismindlesstobecalled,“Allmenarebrothers:bloodoftheleopard”(《四海之內(nèi)皆兄弟:豹子的血》)isinfact(《水滸傳》).Youcouldn’tbelievesuchagracefulandhistoricaltitleisspoiltdeadly.Howfunitis!Forinstance,thefollowingfilmtitles“AshesofTimes”(《時(shí)間的灰燼》,《東邪西毒》),“ThirdSisterLiu”(《第三個(gè)姐姐劉》,《劉三姐》),“RoyalTramp”(《皇家流浪漢》,《鹿鼎記》).Peoplecanseethatfreetranslationsofthesefilmtitlesarebetterthanthefirstones,whichusetheliteraltranslation.Theformeronesoftheseexamplesaresofunnytothepublic.Takethetranslationof“ThirdSisterLiu”asanexample.TheforeigntranslatorsarenotfamiliarwiththishistoricalfigureinChina.Sotheynaturallytranslateitintoliteraltranslation.Noonelikestheuglythings,whichtheyescapethemjustlikegettingridoftheplague.Somakingtheuglythingsbeautifulissavingpeople’sspirits.

Butthefactisn’tneglectedthatsomefilmtitlesusefreetranslationtohavetheoppositeeffect.Afilmcalled“MoulinRouge”,whichwasshownontheyear2001.Itistranslatedinfreetranslation(《夢(mèng)斷花都》)whenitwasintroducedtoChina.Thetranslationofthisfilmtitlediscardsthemeaningoftheoriginalfilmtitlethatisseentodisrespecttheforeignculture.Atthesametime,thetranslatorswhotranslatedthisfilmunderestimatetheaudiences’planeofunderstandingtheforeignculture.Weshouldtranslateitintoliterary(《紅磨坊》)，thussuitthedemandsofpeoplewhowanttofurtherknowaboutthebackgroundofthisfilm.Thefreetranslation(《夢(mèng)斷花都》)maketheChineseaudiencesfeelatsea.

Thelastexamplehererelatedtotheliteraltranslation.Canpeoplejustusefreetranslationwhentranslatingthefilmtitlesandignoringtheliteralmeaningoffilmtitles,whichmighttransmittheinformationoforiginalmeaning?

4.Discussionontheliteralandfreetranslationoffilmtitle

Theauthorusesalotofexamplestoshowthecharacteristicsoftheliteraltranslationandfreetranslation,justwanttosaythattheliteraltranslationandthefreetranslationhastheirownadvantages.Buttheauthoralsogivesanexampleatlastparagraphofeachcharacteristictoputforwardaquestion,“Canpeoplejustuseliteralorfreetranslationintheprocessofthetranslationoffilmtitles?”Ifpeoplewanttosolvethisproblem,itisnecessaryforthemtokeepabalancebetweenliteraltranslationandfreetranslation.Sotheliteraltranslationandthefreetranslationoughttosupplementandcomplementeachother.

Theliteraltranslationcombinesandkeepssomeelementsoftheoriginaltitles,addingthesummarizationofthecontentofthefilms.Thetranslatorsusuallyadoptedthismethodtotranslateforits‘faithfulness’.Butthismethodisalwaysconsideredunwiselyinthefieldoftranslationifnotconsidersthepracticeontranslatingafilmtitle.Hence,themethodsofcombiningtheliteraltranslationandthefreetranslationappropriatelydeservecommendation.Forinstance,“Mrs.Doubtfire”isaboutamanwhodisguisedhimselfasanoldfatladytoserveathisformerwife’shouse.Hejustwantstoseehischildreneveryday.Thisfilmtitleistranslatedinto(《肥媽先生》).Mrs.embodiestheman’sgenderoppositewhichistranslatedintoliteraryinthisfilm,whileDoubtfireisn’tjusttranslatedintoliterary‘道伯特菲爾德’.Thetranslatorwassoclevertoembodyhischaracteristicinthisfilmandtranslateditintofreetranslation.Thisperfectcombinationgivesusadeepimpressiontothisfilm.Itisagoodexampleofthecombinationoftheliteralandfreetranslation.Thereareothersuccessfulcombiningtranslationsoffilmtitles,suchas“E·T”istranslatedinto(《E·T外星人》),“ShotFirst”into(《先發(fā)制人》),“TheOppositeofSex”into(《異性不相吸》),“TheThreeMusketeers”into(《豪俠三劍客》),“SheisSoLovely”into(《可人兒》).ThetranslationofthesefilmtitleswerechangedwhichbasedontheadjustmentoftheordersoftheoriginaltitleswhentheyweretranslatedintoChinese,like“TheOppositeofSex”into(《異性不相吸》).OrthetranslatorsaddsomewordsaccordingtothedesireoftheChineseaudiences,like“E·T”(《E·T外星人》),adding‘外星人’init.Peoplecanseizethecontentofthefilmisaboutthe‘外星人’.Ortheyreducesomewordstocatchthemainideaoftheoriginaltitles,like“SheisSoLovely”(《可人兒》).Thischangepreventsthetranslationoffilmtitlesaretooplaintoberemembered.

5.Somenotionsonthetranslationoffilmtitles

Afilmtitleisofthesameimportancetothefilmasthefacetoaperson.Ifthefaceyouseeisbeautifulthatyourimpressionofhimorherwillbegood,too.Sothedesignersofthefilmtitles—thetranslatorsbearaloadtosatisfydifferentlayersofdifferentaudiences.Goodtranslationisaculture,whichiscertainlyanenjoymenttopeople.[10]Whereas,theaudiencesasthereceiversofthefilmtitleswillbecometherightrespondtothetranslationsofthefilmtitles.Bothofthemareimportanttothetranslationsofthefilmtitles.

5.1Translatorasadispenserroleonthetranslationoffilmtitles

Thetranslationisn’tcomedownwithoutthetranslators’hardworking.Forthisreason,onthetranslationoffilmtitles,translatorssimplifythetranslationtoachievebriefandtothepoint.Itisalsoakindofcreatingwhilethetranslatorsaredoingthetranslationworks.Thesamefilmtitlewillhavedifferenttranslationsowingtothedifferenttranslator’s.Everyonehashisownidea,experienceandknowledge.Theytranslatethetitlesaccordingtotheirownunderstanding.Sothat’sthereasonwhywesaythatthetranslatorsbearaloadtosatisfydifferentlayersofdifferentaudiences.

Duetothesereasons,itissurethatthesetranslatorshaveachancetosittogetheranddiscussthefuturedevelopmentofthefilmtitles.Nowtherearen’tpeoplewhogetawholesystemastheprinciplesofthefilmtitles’translation.

5.2Audienceasanacceptantroleonthetranslationoffilmtitles

Filmtitlesarerestrictedbytheoriginaltitles.Sincetheyareshotfortheaudiences,itisnecessarytomotivatetheaudiences’interests.However,oncetheaudiencesdonotpossessanyhistoricalknowledgeorliterarycultivation,thetranslationsofthesefilmtitleswilllosetheirvalueofexist.

Thetranslationsofthefilmtitlesarebettertobebothrefinedandpopulartastes.Andit’salsoimportantthattheaudienceswouldbeactivetoaccepttheforeignculture.Intheviewsoftheaudiences,thetranslationsofthefilmtitlesappearthattherearen’tanyprinciplestoobey.

6.Conclusion

Thetranslationofthefilmtitlesisaspecialprocessofre-creation.Itisn’tsimpletoobeythecontentandtheformsoftheoriginaltitles,butahardexplorationtothefilmthemes,socialproblems,theethnicassociationandnationalcondition.Sofindingthebalancebetweenliteraltranslationandfreetranslationisrationaltothetranslationoffilmtitles.Owingtothediversitiesofthewestandtheeast,thewesterners’opinionstowardsthetranslationarenaturallydifferentfromtheeasterners.Wewouldn’tonlyseeapartofthefilmandrushintotranslatingitintoliteraltranslationorfreetranslation.Thisactisirresponsible.Translationisalsoaprocessofculturalcommunicationowingtothedifferencesoftheprinciplesofthetranslation,thelinguisticcustomsoftheforeigncountriesandthecharacteristicsofthefilmtitles.Thatisnotonlytotheaudiences,butalsotothetranslatorsthemselves.Translatorsshouldmakeeveryeffortswithcarenesstobenefittheentertainmentcultureofthepublicandthustobenefitthetranslationsoffilmtitles.Afterall,thepurposeofthefilmistosatisfytheaudiences,thefilmsbusinessmenandtogetmaximumincome.

Differentfilmtitlesrequiredifferenttranslationmethods.Peopleshouldtakeallfactorsintoconsideration.

Inall,therearemanychallengesforustotranslatethefilmtitles,thusweshouldcombinewiththepracticeofthetranslation.Ifwemasterthetrickofthetranslationoffilmtitles,everythingbecomeseasy.

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