前言:本站為你精心整理了探討英語(yǔ)交流中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣范文,希望能為你的創(chuàng)作提供參考價(jià)值,我們的客服老師可以幫助你提供個(gè)性化的參考范文,歡迎咨詢。
一、虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于條件狀語(yǔ)從句。
1.表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)時(shí),條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“過去式(be的過去式用were)”。而主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“would(should,could,might)+動(dòng)詞原形”。例如:Ifhehadtime,hewouldattendthemeeting.
2.表示與過去的事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)時(shí),條件狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“had+過去分詞”,主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“would(should,could,might)+have+過去分詞”例如:
Ifyouhadtakenmyadvice,youwouldn’thavefailedintheexamination.
3、表示與將來事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)時(shí),條件從句和主句所用的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與“表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)”的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞相同,或者條件從句中用“wereto(should)+動(dòng)詞原形”,例如:
Ifitweretoraintomorrow,themeetingwouldbeputoff.
4.當(dāng)條件狀語(yǔ)從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí),動(dòng)詞的形式要依據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間來調(diào)整。例如:
Ifyouhadworkedhard,youwouldbeverytired.
5.以上句型可以轉(zhuǎn)換成下列形式:
1)省略if用“were,had,should+主句”。例如:
WereIinschoolagain,Iwouldworkharder.
Hadyoubeenhereearlier,youwouldhaveseenhim.
但在虛擬條件狀語(yǔ)從句中,省略連詞的倒裝形式的句首不能用動(dòng)詞的縮略形式,如我們可以說:Wereitnotfortheexpense,IwouldgotoItaly.
但不能說:Weren’titfortheexpense,IwouldgotoItaly.
2)用介詞短語(yǔ)代替條件狀語(yǔ)從句。例如:
Withoutair,therewouldbenolivingthings.
二、虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于賓語(yǔ)從句
1.“wish+賓語(yǔ)從句”表示不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望,漢語(yǔ)可譯為
“可惜……”,“……就好了”,“悔不該……”,“但愿……”等。
表示現(xiàn)在不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望,從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞過去式;
表示將來不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望,用“would(could)+動(dòng)詞原形”;
表示過去不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望時(shí),用“had+過去分詞”或“(could)would+have+過去分詞”。例如:
Iwishitwerespringalltheyearround.
Iwishyoucouldgowithus.
Wewishwehadarrivedtheretwohoursearlier.
2.虛擬語(yǔ)氣在動(dòng)詞arrange,command,demand,desire,insist,order,propose,request,require,suggest等后面的賓語(yǔ)從句中用“(should)+動(dòng)詞原形”。例如:
Wesuggestthatwe(should)haveameeting.
Weinsistthatthey(should)gowithus.
Thedoctororderedthatshe(should)stayinbedforafewdays.
Hedemandedthatwe(should)startrightaway.
注意:只有當(dāng)insist作“堅(jiān)持(認(rèn)為)”,“堅(jiān)持(應(yīng)該)”,suggest作“建議”解時(shí),從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)之后,賓語(yǔ)從句才用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。當(dāng)insist作“力言”,“強(qiáng)調(diào)”,suggest作“暗示,表明”解時(shí),賓語(yǔ)從句通常不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。例如:
Mikeinsistedthathehadneverstolenanything.
MadameCurieinsistedthattherewassomethinginnaturethatgaveoutradition.
Theexpressiononhisfacesuggestedthathewasveryangry.
三、虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句
作advice,idea,order,demand,plan,proposal,suggestion,request等名詞的表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句,其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的結(jié)構(gòu)“(should)+動(dòng)詞原形?!崩纾?/p>
Weallagreedtohissuggestionthatwe(should)gotoBeijingforsightseeing.
Myideaisthatwe(should)doexercisesfirst.
四、虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于主語(yǔ)從句
在主語(yǔ)從句中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的虛擬語(yǔ)氣結(jié)構(gòu)用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”的結(jié)構(gòu),表示驚奇,不相信,惋惜,理應(yīng)如此等。例如:
Itisnecessary(important,natural,strange,etc)thatweshouldcleantheroomeveryday.
Itwasapity(ashame,nowonder,etc)thatyoushouldbesocareless.
Itwillbedesired(suggested,decided,ordered,requested,proposed,etc.)thatsheshouldfinishherhomeworkthisafternoon
五、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在asif(asthough),evenif(eventhough)等引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句或狀語(yǔ)從句中的應(yīng)用。
如果從句表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去,用過去完成時(shí);指現(xiàn)在狀況,則用過去時(shí),指將來則用過去將來時(shí)。例如:
Helookedasifhewereanartist.
HespeaksEnglishsofluentlyasifhehadstudiedEnglishinEngland.
Evenifhewerehere,hecouldnotsolvetheproblem.
在上述三種主語(yǔ)從句中,should應(yīng)意為“應(yīng)該”,“竟然”,可以省去,但不可換用would,主句所用動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)不限。注意:這種從句表示的是事實(shí)。如果說話人對(duì)這種事實(shí)表現(xiàn)出驚奇的情感,就可用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。反之,如果不表示驚奇等情感,that從句也可陳述語(yǔ)氣,例如:
Itisstrangethathedidnotcomeyesterday.
Itisapitythatyoucan’tswim.
六、虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于定語(yǔ)從句
這種從句常用在Itis(high)time(that)…句型中,定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過去式,或should+動(dòng)詞原形(should不能省略,be用were)來表示,意為“(現(xiàn)在)該……”。例如:
Itis(high)timeweleft(shouldleave).
Itishightimeweweregoing.
七、虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于ifonly引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中
IfonlyIhadtakenhisadvice.我要是聽他的話就好了。
IfonlyIwereabird.我如果是一只鳥就好了。
八、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在簡(jiǎn)單句中的應(yīng)用
1)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的過去式用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),表示說話人謙虛,客氣,有禮貌或語(yǔ)氣委婉,常出現(xiàn)在日常生活中,例如:
Wouldyoubekindenoughtoopenthedoor?
2)用于一些習(xí)慣表達(dá)法中,例如:
Wouldyoulikeacupoftea?
Iwouldrathernottellyou.
Youhadbettergonow.
3)用“may+動(dòng)詞原形”表示“祝愿”。may必須置于句首,例如:
Mayyoubehappy!
Mayyousucceed!
練習(xí)選擇最佳答案填空:
1.Theguardatthegateinsistedthateverybody_____therules.
A.obeysB.obeyC.willobeyD.wouldobey
2.Ifshehadworkedharder,she_____.
A.wouldsucceedB.hadsucceeded
C.shouldsucceedD.wouldhavesucceeded
3.IwishI_____youyesterday.
A.seenB.didseeC.hadseenD.weretosee
4.Youdidn’tletmedrive.Ifwe_____inturn,you_____sotired.
A.drove,didn’tgetB.weredriving,wouldn’tget
C.drove,wouldn’tgetD.haddriven,wouldn’thavegot
5.–IstayedatahotelwhileinNewYork.
--Oh,didyou?You_____withBarbara.
A.couldhavestayedB.couldstay
C.wouldstayD.musthavestayed
6.Iwasreallyanxiousaboutyou.You_____homewithoutaword.
A.mustn''''tleaveB.shouldn’thaveleft
C.oughtnottohaveleftD.shouldhaveleft